Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors found in the uterus, affecting over 50% of women of reproductive age. Although some women with fibroids may be asymptomatic, 30~40% may experience a variety of symptoms depending on the size and location of the fibroids. Larger fibroids can cause a sensation of pressure in the lower abdomen, potentially pressing on the bladder and leading to frequent urination or incontinence. They can also cause abdominal bloating and, in some cases, put pressure on the ureter, leading to hydronephrosis.

If uterine fibroids are small and do not cause symptoms, they can be monitored periodically. However, if the fibroids suddenly increase in size or show suspicious characteristics of malignancy on ultrasound or MRI, surgery may be considered if the patient whishes to conceive. Surgery can also be performed before the pregnancy if the fibroid presses on or invades the endometrium where the embryo implants, potentially hindering conception, or if it poses a risk of pain or preterm labor during pregnancy. Additionally, surgery may be considered if there are concerns about malignancy.

Surgery options for fibroid removal include laparoscopic and open myomectomy. In addition to surgical methods, uterine artery embolization is widely used. This technique involves accessing the uterine artery through the grain and blocking the blood vessels with embolic agents to cut off the blood supply to the fibroids, reducing their size and alleviating symptoms caused by their size. Another treatment is high-intensely focused ultrasound (HIFU), which uses heat generated by focusing high-frequency ultrasound on a single point within the body to burn the fibroids.

If uterine fibroids are causing heavy menstrual bleeding or pain, birth control pills can be used. If the fibroid causing excessive bleeding is not submucosal (invading the endometrium), one option is to insert an intrauterine device (IUD) called Mirena, which can help reduce menstrual flow.

Regular consumption of caffeinated beverages, excessive alcohol intake, and a diet high in red meat can intake can increase the risk of uterine fibroids. Additionally, lifestyle habits that lead to weight gain should be adjusted to help reduce the risk. If diagnosed with uterine fibroids, it is recommended to undergo ultrasound screenings every 6 months to 1 year to monitor the condition and track any changes.